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What is PSK31? PSK31 is an error-correcting digital broadcast class designed for “keyboard-to-keyboard” communication via radio, combining the positive features of CW and RTTY. For PSK31, computer is now a required attribute. This broadcast class uses the sound card in your computer to convert your keyboarded messages into a modulated […]

PSK31 (Phase Shift Keying)

What is AMTOR? AMTOR stands for “AMateur Teleprinting Over Radio”. The advantage of this mode is the additional error correction. Its commercial variant is called SITOR. Frequencies for AMTOR AMTOR activity frequencies: 80 m 3.580 – 3.600 kHz. In Japan 3.525 kHz. 40 m 7.035 – 7.043 kHz 30 m […]

AMTOR

General Tips So far we have discussed Telephony and CW carrier behavior in great detail, as these classes of broadcast are by far the most popular with radio amateurs. You have noticed that in general the behavior is the same for both broadcast classes, the differences being mainly in the […]

RTTY (Radio Teletype)

Digital modes of operation have massively entered the radio amateur hobby. The invasion of the Internet weakened the activity to some extent, but gradually it regained its appeal and new modes and gateways between the Internet and amateur radio networks emerged. CW can also be considered a digital mode of […]

Digital Operating Modes – General Tips

Learn CW Online – also translated into Bulgarian (http://lcwo.net/bg/welcome) UBA (Belgian Radio Amateur Organization) CW course (www.uba.be) Contest Simulation (www.dxatlas.com/MorseRunner) Boost your speed using RUFZ (www.rufzxp.net) A few useful tidbits: Never learn CW by counting DITs and DAHs… Never learn CW in groups of similar characters (eg: E, I, S, […]

CW Training Software

Is the speed you have mastered not enough to be able to make many QSOs? To increase your receive rate, you must practice at a rate that is the limit of your ability, gradually and steadily increasing that rate (as in RUFZ, see above). Up to approximately 15 WPM you […]

High speed CW operation

Where can you find slow-transmitting CW stations (QRS)? Frequencies for QRS activity. 80 m 3.550 – 3.570 kHz 20 m 14.055 – 14.060 kHz 15 m 21.055 – 21.060 kHz 10 m 28.055 – 28.060 kHz QRS stands for: transmit slower. QRQ stands for: transmit faster. Do you have key […]

Low speed CW operation

A major advantage of a CW QSO is the narrow band it uses (hundreds of Hz) when both stations in the QSO are broadcasting on exactly the same frequency. In most standard connections, both stations transmit on the same frequency (simplex). Or, to put it another way, each is on […]

Zero Beating

CW Contests The contest means speed, efficiency and accuracy. So, transmit only what is strictly necessary. The most effective CQ in a contest is the following: “GM3ZZZ GM3ZZZ TEST”. The word TEST should be at the end of your CQ call. Why? Because anyone passing through your frequency at the […]

CW contests

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  • Frequency range 5250 – 5450 kHz
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Last Comments

  1. Jack on Internal Resistance of the Car Battery
  2. LZ3AI on Complete list of amateur radio codes and abbreviations
  3. LZ3AI on Complete list of amateur radio codes and abbreviations
  4. LZ3AI on Complete list of amateur radio codes and abbreviations
  5. Stan on Complete list of amateur radio codes and abbreviations

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  1. Jack on Internal Resistance of the Car Battery08.02.2026

    I appreciate this info! I used a Viking battery tester tor my car battery. It showed 5.47 mOhms and 63%…

  2. LZ3AI on Complete list of amateur radio codes and abbreviations30.01.2026

    It probably happened during the translation, since in the Bulgarian version (which is original) it is correctly written "предавател" (transmiter),…

  3. LZ3AI on Complete list of amateur radio codes and abbreviations30.01.2026

    Thanks for the feedback. You looked a little "awkward" ;-) - for XMTR I wrote "Teacher", which is not correct.…

  4. LZ3AI on Complete list of amateur radio codes and abbreviations30.01.2026

    Thanks for the feedback. You looked a little "awkward" ;-) - for XMTR I wrote "Teacher", which is not correct.…

  5. Stan on Complete list of amateur radio codes and abbreviations04.01.2026

    XMTR is NOT Christmas. It is Transmitter. (Kinda same thing as Christmas !!!) Get with it.

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